殼寡糖增強草魚體液免疫的細胞和分子機制
近日,華中農業大學水產學院張永安教授團隊以草魚為研究對象,解析了殼寡糖誘導魚類B細胞分化并產生天然IgM,從而增強魚類體液免疫的細胞和分子機制。該研究以“Plasmablasts induced by chitosan oligosaccharide secrete natural IgM to enhance the humoral immunity in grass carp”為題在Carbohydrate Polymers上發表。
殼寡糖(Chitosan Oligosaccharide,COS)是由2-10個氨基葡萄糖經β-1, 4糖苷鍵連接而成的功能性低聚糖,來源于蝦蟹殼,純天然、無毒害、分子量小、水溶性高、易被機體吸收利用,可作為飼料添加劑顯著提高畜、禽、水產動物的免疫力和抗病力并促進動物生長。然而,早期的研究多聚焦于殼寡糖對動物先天性免疫細胞(如巨噬細胞和樹突狀細胞)的激活,很少關注殼寡糖對適應性免疫細胞(如B細胞)的活化作用。
為了探究魚類B細胞活化及抗體產生機制,張永安團隊首先制備了草魚IgM重鏈的單克隆抗體,發現健康草魚中存在兩類IgM+ B細胞亞群,即IgM+ B淋巴細胞和IgM+ 髓樣細胞。其中,IgM+ 髓樣細胞被進一步鑒定為類似于哺乳動物的漿細胞,且重組表達的CD40L和IL-21能夠協同促進IgM+ 漿細胞的生成和IgM的分泌表明魚類B細胞能夠被相關信號分子顯著誘導分化?;诖耍芯窟M一步發現殼寡糖能夠與B細胞表面的甘露糖受體(MR)和整合素(Integrin)結合而激活下游的信號通路,最終強烈誘導草魚脾臟IgM+ B淋巴細胞增殖分化為IgMlo和IgMhi B細胞亞群,其中IgMlo B細胞被證實是一類膜表面低表達IgM,能夠分泌天然IgM的漿母細胞?;铙w實驗進一步證實,殼寡糖誘導增殖的IgMlo漿母細胞可以從脾臟遷移到血液,大量分泌能夠靶向病原相關分子模式(PAMP)的天然IgM,從而提高魚體的抗病力。研究首次揭示了殼寡糖增強魚類體液免疫的細胞和分子機制,為殼寡糖在魚類養殖業中的應用提供了有力的理論支撐。此外,研究還進一步明確了魚類B細胞的先天性免疫屬性,且為研究魚類B細胞的分化提供了良好的模型。
我校博士生王杰為論文的第一作者,張永安教授和張旭杰副教授為論文的共同通訊作者。該研究得到了國家重點研發計劃、國家自然科學基金以及中央高?;究蒲袠I務費專項資金的資助。
【英文摘要】
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is an attractive immunopotentiator capable of driving humoral immunity in vertebrates, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms still require elucidation. In this study, COS induced the proliferation and differentiation of splenic IgM+ B cells into IgMlo and IgMhi B cell subsets in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)。 The IgMlo B cells were further identified as short-lived plasmablasts that secreted natural IgM with binding-abilities to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN)。 Moreover, the mannose receptor (MR) and integrins were discovered and identified as the binding-receptors of COS on IgMlo plasmablasts. The MR synergized with integrins to trigger intracellular signal transduction to boost plasmablast generation and expansion. Notably, IgMlo plasmablasts originally generated in spleen but they migrated into blood to secrete natural IgM, which augmented the serum bactericidal activity. Taken together, this study revealed the cellular and molecular mechanisms of COS-triggered humoral immunity in fish.
論文鏈接:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861721014600 |